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1 Shantiraksita (Indian Buddhist teacher and saint who was instrumental in the development of Tibetan Buddhism)
Религия: ШантиракшитаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Shantiraksita (Indian Buddhist teacher and saint who was instrumental in the development of Tibetan Buddhism)
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2 he was instrumental in finding me this job
viņš palīdzēja atrast man šo darbuEnglish-Latvian dictionary > he was instrumental in finding me this job
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3 instrumental
instrumental [‚ɪnstrʊ'mentəl]∎ to be instrumental in doing sth contribuer à faire qch, jouer un rôle décisif dans qch;∎ her work was instrumental in bringing about the reforms elle a largement contribué à faire passer les réformes;∎ an instrumental role un rôle déterminant(c) Technology d'instruments2 noun∎ they played a few instrumentals ils ont joué quelques morceaux de musique instrumentale(b) Linguistics instrumental m►► Linguistics instrumental case (cas m) instrumental m;Technology instrumental check (of devices) vérification f des instruments; (by devices) vérification f par instruments;Technology instrumental error erreur f due aux instruments;Linguistics instrumental phrase complément m d'instrumentUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > instrumental
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4 instrumental
A n instrumental m.C adj1 to be instrumental in sth contribuer à qch ; to be instrumental in doing contribuer à faire ; he played an instrumental role in creating the company il a été pour beaucoup dans la création de l'entreprise ; she was instrumental in his release il a été libéré grâce à elle ; to be instrumental in sb's downfall être l'instrument de la chute de qn ;2 Mus instrumental. -
5 instrumental
adjective1) (serving as instrument or means) dienlich (to Dat.); förderlich (to Dat.)he was instrumental in finding me a post — er hat mir zu einer Stelle verholfen
2) (Mus.) instrumental; Instrumental[musik, -version, -nummer]* * *[-'men-]adjective (performed on, or written for, musical instrument(s) rather than voices: She likes instrumental music.) Instrumental-...* * *in·stru·men·tal[ˌɪn(t)strəˈmentəl, AM -t̬-]I. adj2. (influential) dienlich, förderlichhe was \instrumental in bringing about much needed reforms er war maßgeblich daran beteiligt, längst überfällige Reformen in Gang zu setzenII. n Instrumentalstück nt, Instrumental nt* * *["ɪnstrʊ'mentl]1. adj1) role entscheidendshe was instrumental in my release — sie hat bei meiner Freilassung eine entscheidende Rolle gespielt
he was instrumental in bringing about the downfall of the government — er war maßgeblich am Sturz der Regierung beteiligt
instrumental music/version — Instrumentalmusik f/-version f
2. n (MUS)Instrumentalstück nt* * *instrumental [ˌınstrʊˈmentl]A adj (adv → academic.ru/38531/instrumentally">instrumentally)1. behilflich, dienlich, förderlich:be instrumental in sth zu etwas beitragen, bei etwas mitwirken;be instrumental in doing sth mithelfen oder dazu beitragen, etwas zu tun2. MUS instrumental, Instrumental…:3. TECH Instrumenten…:instrumental error Instrumentenfehler m;4. LING instrumental:instrumental case → B 2B s1. Instrumentalstück ninst. abk1. instant2. institute3. institution4. instrumental* * *adjective1) (serving as instrument or means) dienlich (to Dat.); förderlich (to Dat.)2) (Mus.) instrumental; Instrumental[musik, -version, -nummer]* * *adj.instrumentell adj. -
6 instrumental
- 'men-adjective (performed on, or written for, musical instrument(s) rather than voices: She likes instrumental music.) instrumental
instrumental adjetivo (Mús) instrumental ■ sustantivo masculino (Med) equipment, set of instruments
instrumental adjetivo instrumental
música instrumental, instrumental music ' instrumental' also found in these entries: English: agony - exhibit - instrumental - parttr[ɪnstrə'mentəl]1 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL instrumental2 (helpful, significant) decisivo,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be instrumental in something contribuir decisivamente a algo, jugar un papel decisivo en algo■ he was instrumental in bringing about the minister's downfall jugó un papel decisivo en la caída del ministroinstrumental [.ɪntstrə'mɛntəl] adj: instrumentaladj.• instrumental adj.
I 'ɪnstrə'mentḷ, ˌɪnstrʊ'mentḷ1) ( serving as a means)to be instrumental IN something — jugar* un papel decisivo en algo
2) ( Mus) instrumental
II
noun pieza f instrumental[ˌɪnstrʊ'mentl]ADJ1)she had been instrumental in getting him the job — ella contribuyó decisivamente a que consiguiera el empleo
2) [music, piece] instrumental* * *
I ['ɪnstrə'mentḷ, ˌɪnstrʊ'mentḷ]1) ( serving as a means)to be instrumental IN something — jugar* un papel decisivo en algo
2) ( Mus) instrumental
II
noun pieza f instrumental -
7 instrumental
{,instru'mentl}
I. 1. инструментален
INSTRUMENTAL error грешка на уред
INSTRUMENTAL landing ав. сляпо кацане
INSTRUMENTAL performer муз. инструменталист
2. служещ като средство/оръдие (за нещо)
способствуващ (in)
he was INSTRUMENTAL in getting me appointed той ломогна за назначаването ми
3. грам. творителен (за падеж)
II. n грам. (дума/конструкция в) творителен падеж* * *{,instru'mentl} I. а 1. инструментален; instrumental error грешка н* * *творителен; инструментален;* * *1. he was instrumental in getting me appointed той ломогна за назначаването ми 2. i. инструментален 3. ii. n грам. (дума/конструкция в) творителен падеж 4. instrumental error грешка на уред 5. instrumental landing ав. сляпо кацане 6. instrumental performer муз. инструменталист 7. грам. творителен (за падеж) 8. служещ като средство/оръдие (за нещо) 9. способствуващ (in)* * *instrumental[¸instrə´mentl] I. adj 1. инструментален; \instrumental error тех. грешка, дължаща се на измерващия инструмент; 2. който служи като средство (оръдие) (за нещо); способстващ (in); he was \instrumental in getting me appointed той помогна за назначаването ми; 3. ез. творителен; 4. муз. инструментален; II. n ез. 1. творителен падеж; 2. дума (конструкция) в този падеж; 3. pl муз. инструментални парчета. -
8 instrumental
- 'men-adjective (performed on, or written for, musical instrument(s) rather than voices: She likes instrumental music.) instrumentalIsubst. \/ˌɪnstrʊˈmentl\/, \/ˌɪnstrəˈmentl\/instrumentalmusikkthe instrumental ( grammatikk) instrumentalisIIadj. \/ˌɪnstrʊˈmentl\/, \/ˌɪnstrəˈmentl\/1) virksom, medvirkende, behjelpelig2) instrument-, instrumentell3) ( musikk) instrumentalinstrumental in doing something behjelpelig med å gjøre noe som bidrar\/medvirker til noe, som hjelper til med noe -
9 instrumental
2) ( influential) dienlich, förderlich;he was \instrumental in bringing about much needed reforms er war maßgeblich daran beteiligt, längst überfällige Reformen in Gang zu setzen n Instrumentalstück nt, Instrumental nt -
10 instrumental
A was instrumental in В А обусловило ВEnglish-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > instrumental
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11 instrumental
слу́жащий сре́дством, ору́диемhe was instrumental in finding her a job — он помо́г ей найти́ рабо́ту
The Americanisms. English-Russian dictionary. > instrumental
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12 instrumental
adj.1 instrumental.2 documentary, pertaining to legal instruments.m.1 instruments.instrumental médico surgical instruments2 set of medical instruments, equipment, medical equipment, medical instruments.* * *► adjetivo1 (música) instrumental1 instruments plural, instrumentation\instrumental quirúrgico surgical instruments plural* * *adj.* * *1. ADJ1) (Mús) instrumental2) (Jur)2. SM1) (=conjunto de instrumentos) instruments pl, set of instruments2) (Ling) instrumental, instrumental case* * *Iadjetivo (Mús) instrumentalIIa) (Med) equipment, set of instrumentsb) (Mús) instruments (pl)* * *= contributory, instrumental.Ex. It directly or indirectly incorporated or paralleled several prevailing objectives and concepts of the communication and behavioral sciences and other contributory disciplines.Ex. There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.----* grupo instrumental = ensemble.* obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.* tecnología instrumental = enabling technology.* * *Iadjetivo (Mús) instrumentalIIa) (Med) equipment, set of instrumentsb) (Mús) instruments (pl)* * *= contributory, instrumental.Ex: It directly or indirectly incorporated or paralleled several prevailing objectives and concepts of the communication and behavioral sciences and other contributory disciplines.
Ex: There are five types of 'gratification', instrumental, prestige, reinforcement, aesthetic and respite, to be derived from the reading of literature.* grupo instrumental = ensemble.* obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.* tecnología instrumental = enabling technology.* * *A ( Mús) instrumentalB ( Der) ‹prueba› documentary, documentaltestigo instrumental subscribing witness1 ( Med) equipment, set of instruments2 ( Mús) instruments (pl)* * *
instrumental adjetivo (Mús) instrumental
■ sustantivo masculino (Med) equipment, set of instruments
instrumental adjetivo instrumental
música instrumental, instrumental music
' instrumental' also found in these entries:
English:
agony
- exhibit
- instrumental
- part
* * *♦ adj1. [composición musical] instrumental♦ nm1. [equipamiento] instrumentsinstrumental médico surgical instruments2. [canción] instrumental* * *I adj instrumentalII m MED instruments pl* * *instrumental adj: instrumental -
13 instrumental
Adj1. सहायकHe was largely instrumental in negotiating the peace settlement.2. वाद्य\instrumentalसंगीतHe is good in instrumental music. -
14 to be instrumental in something
contribuir decisivamente a algo, jugar un papel decisivo en algoEnglish-spanish dictionary > to be instrumental in something
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15 acercamiento
m.1 rapprochement.2 approach, approximation, bringing near, rapprochement.3 reconciliation, meeting of the minds, meeting of minds.4 kinship, ties, relations.* * *1 (acción) coming together, bringing together* * *noun m.1) approach* * *SM1) [a un lugar] approachgolpe de acercamiento — (Golf) approach shot
2) [a un tema] introductionel documental es un excelente acercamiento a la mitología — the documentary is an excellent introduction to mythology
3) (=reconciliación) [entre personas] reconciliation; [entre países, posiciones] rapprochementsu muerte fue motivo de acercamiento entre los hermanos — her death led to a reconciliation between the brothers
la obra trata de conseguir el acercamiento con el público — the play seeks to forge a closer relationship with the audience
fue el artífice del acercamiento entre China y EE.UU. — he was the architect of the rapprochement between China and the US
* * *masculino (entre posturas, países) rapprochement; ( entre personas)* * *= approximation, rapprochement.Ex. If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.Ex. The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.----* intento de acercamiento = overture.* tentativa de acercamiento = overture.* * *masculino (entre posturas, países) rapprochement; ( entre personas)* * *= approximation, rapprochement.Ex: If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.
Ex: The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.* intento de acercamiento = overture.* tentativa de acercamiento = overture.* * *(entre posturas, países) rapprochement(entre personas): a raíz de ese incidente se produjo un acercamiento entre ellos that incident brought them closer togetherlograron un acercamiento entre las dos posturas they went some way towards reconciling the two differing points of view* * *
acercamiento sustantivo masculino (entre posturas, países) rapprochement;
( entre personas):
acercamiento sustantivo masculino
1 bringing together, coming together
2 Pol rapprochement
' acercamiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
irse
English:
approach
- rapprochement
- overture
* * *acercamiento nm1. [a un lugar]reclaman el acercamiento de los presos a su región de origen they are calling for the prisoners to be moved nearer to their home region2. [entre países] rapprochement;se produjo un acercamiento entre sus posturas their positions moved closer to each other* * *m tb figapproach* * *acercamiento nm: rapprochement, reconciliation* * *acercamiento n approach -
16 aproximación
f.1 approximation, approach, coming together, nearness.2 smoothing.* * *1 (gen) approximation2 (acercamiento) bringing together; (de países) rapprochement3 (lotería) consolation prize\ni por aproximación familiar far from it* * *noun f.1) approach, rapprochement* * *SF1) (Mat) approximation (a to)2) (=proximidad) nearness, closenessno parece ni por aproximación que vaya a ceder — he seems to be nowhere near giving up, he doesn't look remotely like giving up
3) (=acercamiento) approach (a to)(Pol) rapprochement4) [en lotería] consolation prize* * *a) (Mat) approximationcon una aproximación del 99% — with 99% accuracy
b) ( acercamiento)* * *= overview, approximation, rapprochement, approach [approaches, -pl.].Ex. Figure 16 on page 24 gives an overview of searching.Ex. If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.Ex. The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.----* aproximación conceptual = conceptual approach.* * *a) (Mat) approximationcon una aproximación del 99% — with 99% accuracy
b) ( acercamiento)* * *= overview, approximation, rapprochement, approach [approaches, -pl.].Ex: Figure 16 on page 24 gives an overview of searching.
Ex: If we try to group the concepts arising from the titles, we find that a first approximation gives us four groups.Ex: The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.* aproximación conceptual = conceptual approach.* * *1 ( Mat) approximationesta cifra sólo es una aproximación this figure is only an approximationlo calcularon con una aproximación del 99% they calculated it with 99% accuracy2(acercamiento): la aproximación de los dos países the rapprochement between the two countriesun intento de aproximación an attempt to improve relations3 (en una lotería) prize given to holders of numbers immediately above or below the winning number4 ( Aviac) tbmaniobras de aproximación approach* * *
aproximación sustantivo femenino approximation
' aproximación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estrechamiento
- venir
- cerca
- como
- hacia
- un
English:
approximation
* * *aproximación nf1. [acercamiento] approach;[de países] rapprochement; [de puntos de vista] converging;ha habido una ligera aproximación de las dos partes [en negociación] the two sides have come a little closer;maniobra de aproximación [de avión] approach2. [en cálculo] approximation3. [en lotería] = consolation prize given to numbers immediately before and after the winning number* * *f1 approximation2 ( acercamiento) approach3 en lotería consolation prize ( won by those with numbers immediately before and after the winning number)* * *aproximación nf, pl - ciones1) : approximation, estimate2) : rapprochement -
17 reconciliación
f.1 reconciliation, coming together, atonement, rapprochement.2 reconciliation, conciliation.* * *1 reconciliation* * *noun f.* * ** * *femenino reconciliation* * *= rapprochement, reconciliation.Ex. The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.Ex. This article examines the potential of electronic and computer based technology to improve passenger and baggage reconciliation at airports.----* conseguir la reconciliación = bring about + reconciliation.* reconciliación entre = healing of the breach between.* reconciliación racial = racial reconciliation.* * *femenino reconciliation* * *= rapprochement, reconciliation.Ex: The antifascism of ALA executive director Carl Milam was instrumental in reaching a rapprochement.
Ex: This article examines the potential of electronic and computer based technology to improve passenger and baggage reconciliation at airports.* conseguir la reconciliación = bring about + reconciliation.* reconciliación entre = healing of the breach between.* reconciliación racial = racial reconciliation.* * *reconciliation* * *
reconciliación sustantivo femenino
reconciliation
reconciliación sustantivo femenino reconciliation
' reconciliación' also found in these entries:
English:
reconciliation
- peace
* * *reconciliation* * *f reconciliation* * * -
18 Blumlein, Alan Dower
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 29 June 1903 Hampstead, London, Englandd. 7 June 1942[br]English electronics engineer, developer of telephone equipment, highly linear electromechanical recording and reproduction equipment, stereo techniques, video and radar technology.[br]He was a very bright scholar and received a BSc in electrical technology from City and Guilds College in 1923. He joined International Western Electric (later to become Standard Telephone and Cables) in 1924 after a period as an instructor/demonstrator at City and Guilds. He was instrumental in the design of telephone measuring equipment and in international committee work for standards for long-distance telephony.From 1929 Blumlein was employed by the Columbia Graphophone Company to develop an electric recording cutterhead that would be independent of Western Electric's patents for the system developed by Maxfield and Harrison. He attacked the problems in a most systematic fashion, and within a year he had developed a moving-coil cutterhead that was much more linear than the iron-cored systems known at the time. Eventually Blumlein designed a complete line of recording equipment, from microphone and through-power amplifiers. The design was used by Columbia; after the merger with the Gramophone Company in 1931 to form Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd (later known as EMI) it became the company standard, certainly for coarse-groove records, until c.1950.Blumlein became interested in stereophony (binaural sound), and developed and demonstrated a complete line of equipment, from correctly placed microphones via two-channel records and stereo pick-ups to correctly placed loudspeakers. The advent of silent surfaces of vinyl records made this approach commercial from the late 1950s. His approach was independent and quite different from that of A.C. Keller.His extreme facility for creating innovative solutions to electronic problems was used in EMI's development from 1934 to 1938 of the electronic television system, which became the BBC standard of 405 lines after the Second World War, when television broadcasting again became possible. Independent of official requirements, EMI developed a 60 MHz radar system and Blumlein was involved in the development of a centimetric radar and display system. It was during testing of this aircraft mounted equipment that he was killed in a crash.[br]BibliographyBlumlein was inventor or co-inventor of well over 120 patents, a complete list of which is to be found in Burns (1992; see below). The major sound-recording achievements are documented by British patent nos. 350,954, 350,998, 363,627 (highly linear cutterhead, 1930) and 394,325 (reads like a textbook on stereo technology, 1931).Further ReadingThe definitive biography of Blumlein has not yet been written; the material seems to have been collected, but is not yet available. However, R.W.Burns, 1992, "A.D.Blumlein, engineer extraordinary", Engineering Science and Education Journal (February): 19– 33 is a thorough account. Also B.J.Benzimra, 1967, "A.D. Blumlein: an electronics genius", Electronics \& Power (June): 218–24 provides an interesting summary.GB-N -
19 Fairlie, Robert Francis
[br]b. March 1831 Scotlandd. 31 July 1885 Clapham, London, England[br]British engineer, designer of the double-bogie locomotive, advocate of narrow-gauge railways.[br]Fairlie worked on railways in Ireland and India, and established himself as a consulting engineer in London by the early 1860s. In 1864 he patented his design of locomotive: it was to be carried on two bogies and had a double boiler, the barrels extending in each direction from a central firebox. From smokeboxes at the outer ends, return tubes led to a single central chimney. At that time in British practice, locomotives of ever-increasing size were being carried on longer and longer rigid wheelbases, but often only one or two of their three or four pairs of wheels were powered. Bogies were little used and then only for carrying-wheels rather than driving-wheels: since their pivots were given no sideplay, they were of little value. Fairlie's design offered a powerful locomotive with a wheelbase which though long would be flexible; it would ride well and have all wheels driven and available for adhesion.The first five double Fairlie locomotives were built by James Cross \& Co. of St Helens during 1865–7. None was particularly successful: the single central chimney of the original design had been replaced by two chimneys, one at each end of the locomotive, but the single central firebox was retained, so that exhaust up one chimney tended to draw cold air down the other. In 1870 the next double Fairlie, Little Wonder, was built for the Festiniog Railway, on which C.E. Spooner was pioneering steam trains of very narrow gauge. The order had gone to George England, but the locomotive was completed by his successor in business, the Fairlie Engine \& Steam Carriage Company, in which Fairlie and George England's son were the principal partners. Little Wonder was given two inner fireboxes separated by a water space and proved outstandingly successful. The spectacle of this locomotive hauling immensely long trains up grade, through the Festiniog Railway's sinuous curves, was demonstrated before engineers from many parts of the world and had lasting effect. Fairlie himself became a great protagonist of narrow-gauge railways and influenced their construction in many countries.Towards the end of the 1860s, Fairlie was designing steam carriages or, as they would now be called, railcars, but only one was built before the death of George England Jr precipitated closure of the works in 1870. Fairlie's business became a design agency and his patent locomotives were built in large numbers under licence by many noted locomotive builders, for narrow, standard and broad gauges. Few operated in Britain, but many did in other lands; they were particularly successful in Mexico and Russia.Many Fairlie locomotives were fitted with the radial valve gear invented by Egide Walschaert; Fairlie's role in the universal adoption of this valve gear was instrumental, for he introduced it to Britain in 1877 and fitted it to locomotives for New Zealand, whence it eventually spread worldwide. Earlier, in 1869, the Great Southern \& Western Railway of Ireland had built in its works the first "single Fairlie", a 0–4–4 tank engine carried on two bogies but with only one of them powered. This type, too, became popular during the last part of the nineteenth century. In the USA it was built in quantity by William Mason of Mason Machine Works, Taunton, Massachusetts, in preference to the double-ended type.Double Fairlies may still be seen in operation on the Festiniog Railway; some of Fairlie's ideas were far ahead of their time, and modern diesel and electric locomotives are of the powered-bogie, double-ended type.[br]Bibliography1864, British patent no. 1,210 (Fairlie's master patent).1864, Locomotive Engines, What They Are and What They Ought to Be, London; reprinted 1969, Portmadoc: Festiniog Railway Co. (promoting his ideas for locomotives).1865, British patent no. 3,185 (single Fairlie).1867. British patent no. 3,221 (combined locomotive/carriage).1868. "Railways and their Management", Journal of the Society of Arts: 328. 1871. "On the Gauge for Railways of the Future", abstract in Report of the FortiethMeeting of the British Association in 1870: 215. 1872. British patent no. 2,387 (taper boiler).1872, Railways or No Railways. "Narrow Gauge, Economy with Efficiency; or Broad Gauge, Costliness with Extravagance", London: Effingham Wilson; repr. 1990s Canton, Ohio: Railhead Publications (promoting the cause for narrow-gauge railways).Further ReadingFairlie and his patent locomotives are well described in: P.C.Dewhurst, 1962, "The Fairlie locomotive", Part 1, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 34; 1966, Part 2, Transactions 39.R.A.S.Abbott, 1970, The Fairlie Locomotive, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGRBiographical history of technology > Fairlie, Robert Francis
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20 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
[br]b. 25 April 1874 Bologna, Italyd. 20 July 1937 Rome, Italy[br]Italian radio pioneer whose inventiveness and business skills made radio communication a practical proposition.[br]Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with K.F. Braun) 1909. Russian Order of S t Anne. Commander of St Maurice and St Lazarus. Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (i.e. Knight) of Italy 1902. Freedom of Rome 1903. Honorary DSc Oxford. Honorary LLD Glasgow. Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy 1905. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal. Honorary knighthood (GCVO) 1914. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1920. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1924. Created Marquis (Marchese) 1929. Nominated to the Italian Senate 1929. President, Italian Academy 1930. Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1934.Bibliography1896, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and in apparatus thereof", British patent no. 12,039.1 June 1898, British patent no. 12,326 (transformer or "jigger" resonant circuit).1901, British patent no. 7,777 (selective tuning).1904, British patent no. 763,772 ("four circuit" tuning arrangement).Further ReadingD.Marconi, 1962, My Father, Marconi.W.J.Baker, 1970, A History of the Marconi Company, London: Methuen.KFBiographical history of technology > Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
См. также в других словарях:
Instrumental — In stru*men tal, a. [Cf. F. instrumental.] [1913 Webster] 1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business. [1913 Webster] The head is… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Instrumental errors — Instrumental In stru*men tal, a. [Cf. F. instrumental.] [1913 Webster] 1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business. [1913 Webster]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
instrumental — [[t]ɪ̱nstrəme̱nt(ə)l[/t]] instrumentals 1) ADJ GRADED: usu v link ADJ, oft ADJ in ing/n Someone or something that is instrumental in a process or event helps to make it happen. In his first years as chairman he was instrumental in raising the… … English dictionary
instrumental — adj. (cannot stand alone) instrumental in (her help was instrumental in tracking down the criminal) * * * [ˌɪnstrə ment(ə)l] (cannot stand alone) instrumental in (her help was instrumental in tracking down the criminal) … Combinatory dictionary
instrumental — I UK [ˌɪnstrʊˈment(ə)l] / US [ˌɪnstrəˈment(ə)l] adjective * 1) involved in an important way in making something happen an instrumental figure in the governor s campaign for re election instrumental in: The general was instrumental in helping both … English dictionary
instrumental — in|stru|men|tal1 [ ,ınstrə mentl ] adjective * 1. ) involved in an important way in making something happen: an instrumental figure in the governor s campaign for re election instrumental in: The general was instrumental in helping both sides to… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
instrumental — adjective Date: 14th century 1. a. serving as a crucial means, agent, or tool < was instrumental in organizing the strike > b. of, relating to, or done with an instrument or tool 2. relating to, composed for, or performed on a musical instrument… … New Collegiate Dictionary
instrumental — in|stru|men|tal1 [ˌınstruˈmentl] adj 1.) be instrumental in (doing) sth formal to be important in making something happen ▪ He was instrumental in developing links with European organizations. 2.) instrumental music is for instruments, not for… … Dictionary of contemporary English
instrumental — 1. adjective a) Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; essential or central. He was instrumental in conducting the business … Wiktionary
instrumental — 1 adjective 1 be instrumental in formal to be important in making something possible: Wilson was instrumental in introducing new methods of production. 2 instrumental music is for instruments, not for voices instrumentally adverb instrumentality… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
instrumental — adj. & n. adj. 1 (usu. foll. by to, in, or in + verbal noun) serving as an instrument or means (was instrumental in finding the money). 2 (of music) performed on instruments, without singing (cf. VOCAL). 3 of, or arising from, an instrument… … Useful english dictionary